Model Framework for Achieving Gender Parity (50/50)

A model framework developed under the WEPEP project for achieving 50/50 gender balance in Parliament and local authorities. Notes women hold only about 32% of seats (12% directly elected) despite constitutional provisions, and proposes two non-exclusive routes: amending electoral and party-finance law, or amending the Constitution

·      Constitutional gender provisions lack the political will to implement them.

·      The proportional representation quota system has not delivered parity.

·      Globally, only Rwanda, Cuba and Bolivia had exceeded 50% women in parliament.

·      Legislating through the Constitution alone is insufficient.

·      The State already has a positive obligation that could achieve parity without amendment.

·      Option 1: Amend the Electoral Act (sections 37A and 46) to reserve and field about 50% women candidates.

·      Amend the Political Parties Finance Act (section 3) to tie state funding to gender balance.

·      Option 2: Amend the Constitution (sections 92, 101, 104, 120, 124, 155 and 160) to embed parity.

·      Prioritise aligning existing laws with constitutional gender provisions first.